Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: Luther saw state control as a way to achieve what he viewed as educational reforms and to broaden the curriculum and dilute its control by the Church. He was also interested in producing literate and productive citizens and in making sure that teachers were teaching the correct religious doctrine.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: There was humanist criticism of the institutional life of the Church and a search for new authorities. The rise of the commercial middle classes and a concurrent rise of nation-states also shifted loyalty from papal authority. All of these factors caused citizens to question papal authority and control over education. Ultimately, educators took actions to free themselves from this control and to develop their own educational theories.
Answer to Question 3
ANSWER: Romans were most interested in educating the practical politician and able
administrator. Schools were private and charged tuition, which only the well-off could afford. The focus of education was to maintain the empire.
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