Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: Alternative certification might help bring talented candidates into teaching and supply teachers quickly for teaching fields in which there are shortages. An important disadvantage is that alternative certification undercuts efforts to improve the quality of the teaching force. Participants in alternative certification frequently do not receive the supervision and training that should accompany such efforts, and thus they are often overwhelmed by the demands of the certification program and have high attrition rates.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: Indicators of an impending shortage include mandated reductions in class sizes, increased student enrollment, expanded preschool education, a number of teachers nearing retirement age, and a reduced number of prospective teachers because of higher standards for teachers. Indicators of no shortage include declining attrition rates; recent increases in teacher's salaries, which may cut attrition and increase teacher supply; the leveling off of increases in enrollment; and alternative certification.
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