Which is an example of a study in which a nonequivalent control-group design could be used?
A) We want to evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-smoking campaign using two different schools. We suspect that one school has a higher rate of smoking than the other.
B) A new treatment approach for hyperactivity is to be tested in a special school using three different classes. The classes, however, are at different levels of hyperactivity.
C) A company wants to test their employees' attitudes toward work as they may be affected by new work rules. One department is selected as an experimental group, and the other is designated as the control group. However, there is evidence that the first department has more positive work attitudes than the second.
D) All of the above
Question 2
In the nonequivalent control-group design,
A) the more similar the natural groups are to each other, the more confidence we can have in causal conclusions.
B) the more dissimilar the natural groups are, the more confidence we can have in causal conclusions.
C) the natural groups must be tested to assure equivalence on the dependent measure.
D) the natural groups must be tested to assure equivalence on the independent variable.
The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has been used as a model organism for the study
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