A researcher finds that men make more errors on a memory task than do women. After conducting the appropriate statistical test on this difference, he finds a probability level of less than .05 . The researcher will probably conclude that
A. the difference represents a chance fluctuation.
B. the difference is statistically significant.
C. if he conducts the study again, there is a high probability that no difference would be found or that women would make more errors.
D. there is only a five in 100 chance that his finding represents a real difference between men and women.
Question 2
A psychologist gives several personality tests to a group of participants. When sifting through her data, she is surprised to find that people born in the summer have a slightly higher (but statistically significant) need for Achievement than those born in the winter. She concludes that exposing children to the stimulation of the outdoors during the first few months of life (as the summer born children were) results in a higher need for Achievement when the children become adults. What might we conclude from this?
A. The hypothesis needs to be tested with a controlled lab study.
B. The hypothesis has not been tested because the researcher explained the findings after seeing the results.
C. The hypothesis is supported with these data, but probably should be replicated to see if it generalizes to other samples.
D. The hypothesis is useless because it cannot be tested.
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