Answer to Question 1
Immigration from the Philippines has been documented since the eighteenth century; it was relatively small but significant enough to create a Manila Village along the Louisiana coast around 1750 . Increasing numbers of Filipino immigrants came as American nationals when, in 1899, the United States gained possession of the Philippine Islands at the conclusion of the SpanishAmerican War. The Philippines gained their independence in 1948 and with it lost their unrestricted immigration rights.
Filipino immigration can be divided into four distinct periods:
1 . The first generation, which immigrated in the 1920s, was mostly male and employed in agricultural labor.
2 . A second group, which also arrived in the early twentieth century, immigrated to Hawaii to serve as contract workers on Hawaii's sugar plantations.
3 . The postWorld War II arrivals included many war veterans and wives of U.S. soldiers.
4 . The newest immigrants, who include many professionals (physicians, nurses, and others), arrived under the 1965 Immigration Act. More than 40 percent of Filipino Americans have immigrated since 1990.
Besides these stages of immigration, the Filipinos can also be defined by various states of immigration (different languages, regions of origin, and religions), distinctions that sharply separate people in their homeland as well. In the Philippines and among Filipino immigrants to the United States, eight distinct languages with an estimated 200 dialects are spoken.
Answer to Question 2
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Four main models that describe the relationship between ecosystem function and biodiversity.
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