Answer to Question 1
c
Answer to Question 2
Functionalists maintain that sex differentiation has contributed to overall social stability.They believedthat the arrangement of gender roles with which they were familiar had arisen becausemarital partners needed a division of labor.
Conflict theorists do not deny the presence of a differentiation by sex. In fact, theycontend that the relationship between females and males has been one of unequal power,with men being dominant over women. Men may have become powerful in preindustrialtimes because their size, physical strength, and freedom from childbearing duties allowedthem to dominate women physically. In contemporary societies, such considerations arenot as important, yet cultural beliefs about the sexes are now long established.
Both functionalists and conflict theorists acknowledge that it is not possible tochange gender roles drastically without dramatic revisions in a culture's social structure.Functiona lists see potential social disorder, or at least unknown social consequences, if allaspects of traditional sex differentiation are disturbed. Yet for conflict theorists, no socialstructure is ultimately desirable if it has to be maintained through the oppression of itscitizens.
