Answer to Question 1
Southern school districts assigned children to school by race rather than by neighborhood, a practice that constituted de jure segregation, or segregation that results from children being assigned to schools specifically to maintain racially separate schools. It was this form of legal humiliation that was attacked in the landmark decree of Linda Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.
Seven-year-old Linda Brown was not permitted to enroll in the grade school four blocks from her home in Topeka, Kansas. Rather, school board policy dictated that she attend the Black school almost two miles away. This denial led the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Legal Defense and Educational Fund to bring suit on behalf of Linda Brown and 12 other Black children. The NAACP argued that the Fourteenth Amendment was intended to rule out segregation in public schools. Chief Justice Earl Warren of the Supreme Court wrote the unanimous opinion that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.
Answer to Question 2
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