Answer to Question 1
d
Answer to Question 2
Social capital refers to the collective benefit of durable social networks and their patterns of reciprocal trust. Cultural capital refers to noneconomic forces such as family background and past investments in education that are then reflected in knowledge about the arts and language.
In trying to comprehend the persistence of inequality among racial and ethnic groups, sociologists and other social scientists have found it useful to think in terms of the role played by social and cultural capital. Popularized by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, these concepts refer to assets that are not necessarily economic but do impact economic capital for one's family and future. Less cultural and social capital may be passed on from one generation to the next, especially when prejudice and discrimination make it difficult to overcome deficits. Racial and ethnic minorities reproduce disadvantage while Whites are more likely to reproduce privilege.