In building probable cause, police officers may rely on what ...

[stevenposner]

In building probable cause, police officers may rely on what they:
 
  a. see and hear only.
  b. see, hear, and smell only.
   c. see, hear, and taste only.
   d. see, hear, smell, and taste.

Question 2

In Graham v. Conner (1989), Graham was a diabetic who was essentially stopped and arrested after police thought something was wrong when Graham left a convenience store abruptly. As it turned out, he was trying to find some sugar for his diabetic condition, but the line was too long, so he left. Appearing drunk (due to the hypoglycemic condition), he was arrested and denied sugar or orange juice, and was basically roughed up by the police. The court said:
 
  a. the use of force was not excessive and upheld the conviction for being drunk in public.
  b. the police were justified in using force, but they should have given him the juice. However, the conviction stood.
   c. the use of force was excessive, and the case was remanded back to the lower court.
  d. the police were justified in roughing up Graham and denying him any sugar or orange juice, because it would have been unreasonable for the police to stop in the middle of an arrest and get him relief.

[Dunkey]

Answer to Question 1

d

Answer to Question 2

c