Answer to Question 1
Delinquency data were available from police statistics from the mid-1980s to the early-2000s. Three main findings emerged from the Pfeiffer study:
Juvenile violence, especially robbery and offenses involving serious bodily harm, increased substantially over this period of time in almost all of the countries.
Total juvenile crime, which includes burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny, and vandalism, increased very little over this period of time, with some countries showing no increase or an actual decrease.
Crimes of violence committed by young adults (18 to 20) or by adults in general have increased far less rapidly since the mid-1980s than have those committed by juveniles, and in some countries they have not increased at all.
The main finding to emerge from the ECPN study was that the upward trend in juvenile violence in Europe has continued into the early 2000s.
This increase in teen violence is evident in both the absolute rate of offending and the proportion of total offenses committed.
Student responses will vary.
Answer to Question 2
b
A recent study found that female baboons that groom each other are more likely to come to each other
Monstrous people from distant lands depicted in a fifteenth-century European woodcut.
An 1891 cartoon blames immigrants for the ills of American society: anarchy, socialism, mayhem, and
Age and Trends in Poverty
The European Core: Cities