Answer to Question 1
d
Answer to Question 2
o Increased probability of incarceration
The chance of someone who is arrested going to prison today is much greater than it was 20 years ago.
For federal offenses, the proportion of defendants being sent to prison rose from 54 in 1988 to 75 in 2002.
o Inmates serving more time for each crime
After the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, the length of time served by federal convicts for their crimes rose significantly.
State sentencing reform statutes and truth-in-sentencing laws have had similar consequences.
o Federal prison growth
The federal sentencing policy has led to the federal prison system being the largest in this country.
Efforts by Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush to federalize gun possession crimes resulted in the number of inmates being sent to federal prisons for such crimes jumping by 68.
o Rising incarceration rates of women
In 1981, 14,000 women were prisoners in federal and state institutions. By 2010, the number had grown to about 113,000 . Women still account for only 7 of all prisoners nationwide, but their rates of imprisonment are growing more rapidly than those of men.
Experimental evidence of the effect of allelochemicals on plant production.
Historian James Merrell notes several errors in Benjamin West’s famous 1771 painting, William Penn’s
Burning-of-Atlanta scene from Gone with the Wind.
Women and Crime
Hierarchy of scientific evidence
Trace Elements of the Human Body