Answer to Question 1
When punishment is applied, there is a general deterrent effect, which is designed to signal the community that crime does not pay.
By severely punishing those people convicted of crime, others who are thinking about committing a crime will be frightened or deterred.
The philosophy of specific deterrence focuses on the fact that individual offenders should learn firsthand that crime does not pay when they experience harsh criminal penalties.
Essentially, the suffering caused by punishment should inhibit future criminal activities.
Answer to Question 2
The justifications for punishment include:
Punishment provides beneficial consequences. It creates more benefit than harm. It is cost-effective. It protects the public and reduces both disorder and social harm.
Punishment is deserved. Those who break the law forfeit some rights. The guilty should be punished according to what they deserve.
Punishment expresses public outrage. Citizens seek revenge for wrongdoing.
Punishment teaches a lesson. It teaches not to repeat misdeeds.
Punishment helps maintain government. Laws are made to control behavior and the well-being of the state. Laws protect all citizens.
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