Answer to Question 1
FALSE
Answer to Question 2
The broken windows theory suggests that for policing to have a lasting effect on serious crime in a neighborhood, lower-level quality-of-life offenses need to be addressed to restore a sense of community in an area. Similarly, the contagion proposition states that certain types of disorders generate more disorder unless they are quickly stamped out. Current levels of disorder thus produce future levels of disorder. Putting this theory to the test, Skogan found that perceived crime problems, fear of crime, and actual victimization were all linked to the extent of social and physical disorder in an area. He also found that disorder was linked to residential satisfaction and commitment, two factors that are indicative of the overall stability of the housing market. As disorder increased, residents were more likely to seek opportunities to leave.
These concepts relate to policing in regard to the strategies employed to reduce disorder. For example, zero tolerance policing, which targets all types of disorder and minor crimes, is meant to reduce disorder before it escalates into more serious types of crimes.
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