Answer to Question 1
Clockwise.
Answer to Question 2
Have more holding power because of greater surface area of threads in contact with each other.
Has more shear strength because of smaller minor diameter than coarse threads.
Easier to tap because less material is being removed.
Works better for thin walled materials (thin plate, pipe, or tubing) gives more threads per inch.
Works better for fine adjustment because more turns are required to move the same distance.
Answer to Question 3
Sir Joseph Whitworth, known as the Whitworth thread.