Answer to Question 1ANS:Answer
should include:
Territorial waters were defined in the 1982 treaty. These extend 18.2 kilometers from
shore. A nation has jurisdiction over these areas with the exception of the international
navigation straits.
The exclusive economic zone is the 200 nautical miles from a nation's shoreline. The
high seas were regions that were considered to be common property.
The value of protecting the ocean and the prevention of pollution was supported in this
treaty.
There was encouragement of free scientific research.
The United States did not want to share resources found in the high seas. They did not
want to recognize this area as a common area.
Answer to Question 2ANS:Answer
should include:
The most valuable resource in the ocean and on land is crude oil and natural gas. These
are nonrenewable resources made from organisms that broke down into simple
carbohydrates over time in areas with low oxygen levels.
Oil is excavated by drilling. Most of the oil platforms are relatively near to the shore.
The deeper the drilling, the more difficult and costly it becomes.
Sand and gravel are the second most valuable resources. Solid deposits are considered to
be nonrenewable. Sand can be suction-dredged onto temporary islands before being
shipped to various locations worldwide.
The magnesium and magnesium compounds are the third most valuable resource the
ocean has to offer. These can be collected by using chemical reactions or electricity. The
magnesium is extracted from the brine.
Variation in climatic conditions result in geographic variation in the distribution of biome types a
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