Answer to Question 1
Even though women tend to live longer on average than do men, there are some interesting differences when one looks at the research literature regarding cognitive functioning over time. Case in point, between the ages of 65 and 89, women tend to do better on tests of cognitive functioning. However, after age 90, men do much better than women on cognitive tests.
Answer to Question 2
Environmental factors have differential effects on average life expectancy depending on the specific sociohistorical time. For example, in Africa, average life expectancy has seen a dramatic decrease due to increased incidences of AIDS. In some countries, such as Botswana and Namibia, the average life expectancy has been reduced by as much as 30 years from what would usually be expected. On the other hand, in many developed countries, the negative effects of cardiovascular disease on longevity is lessening.
An individual's performance can be limited by environmental conditions, such as temperature. Ac
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