Answer to Question 1
a
Answer to Question 2
1 . The adoption of an ideology to communicate what the terrorist organization is about. This ideology must be powerful enough to motivate members to make sacrifices, and believe that the violent acts they are committed are in the name of Allah. Ideologies have belief systems that instruct people to do certain things, which can't be questioned, and the things done must be directed toward some goal within the ideology. 2 . Leadership is a very important and dangerous role. Leaders are often on the capture and kill list. How large the organization determines how stratified the organization is which creates multi-layered leadership. 3 . Recruiting fulfills four important needs: importing new energy, acquiring new sets of skills, increasing operational capabilities, and replacing losses caused by being captured, killed or quitting. Recruiting tactics vary based on the person being recruited, and some recruitment efforts focus on recruiting people who don't fit the profile of a terrorist as a strategy. Recruiting can take place anywhere and at anytime. It is easier to recruit for established terrorist organizations verses new terrorist organizations. Recruiting efforts often take on the form of a funnel, in which they start with a large group of potential recruits and end with a few who fully complete training and become members. 4 . Publicity is used to reach out to current and potential supporters, shaped favorable international public opinion, and demoralize the enemy. Self-learning tools are also available for those who are interested. The Internet has no to little regulation and censorship, it provides global coverage, has huge audience, and is inexpensive.