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Each year in the United States, there are approximately six million pregnancies. This means that at any one time, about 4% of women in the United States are pregnant.
Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.
Calcitonin is a naturally occurring hormone. In women who are at least 5 years beyond menopause, it slows bone loss and increases spinal bone density.
Long-term mental and physical effects from substance abuse include: paranoia, psychosis, immune deficiencies, and organ damage.
Of the estimated 2 million heroin users in the United States, 600,000–800,000 are considered hardcore addicts. Heroin addiction is considered to be one of the hardest addictions to recover from.
![Otitis media. This illustration shows an inflamed tympanic cavity, which is the most common source o](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_14_10_12_6_37_46_94012321.jpeg)
![Timing of teratogens. Vulnerability to teratogens is greatest in the embryonic period. Source: Moore](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_351728_31_05_15_9_12_12_219982425.jpeg)