Answer to Question 1
Phonics focus on the sounds of language. Language is more than sound. Language, at its base, encompasses meaning. For this reason, other skills are also required to help children derive meaning from language. Besides the personal experiences that children bring to the reading situations, the use of semantics, syntactics, and pragmatics helps them to arrive at meaning in reading.
Answer to Question 2
a. Support for the success of the learner. This means children should have an environment with a variety of printed materials, storytimes, centers, field trips, and community visitors.
b. A focus on learning language. Children must be invited to read and write. Literature sharing is a key tool to be used for this purpose.
c. Opportunities to explore language. With an abundance of reading and writing opportunities available, children will be able to develop different strategies for different situations. This will provide them with more opportunities to make language decisions.
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