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It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
There are more sensory neurons in the tongue than in any other part of the body.
Opium has influenced much of the world's most popular literature. The following authors were all opium users, of varying degrees: Lewis Carroll, Charles, Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle, and Oscar Wilde.
More than 2,500 barbiturates have been synthesized. At the height of their popularity, about 50 were marketed for human use.
Medication errors are more common among seriously ill patients than with those with minor conditions.