A patient is admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction and has a blood sugar of 180 mg/dL. The patient has never been diagnosed with diabetes. What is the best explanation for a high glucose in a patient without diabetes? Select all that apply.
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
◦ Glucagon, cortisol, and epinephrine cause hyperglycemia.
◦ Myocardial infarction causes a physiologic stress response that causes the body to enter a hypermetabolic state.
◦ Insulin resistance is caused by beta blockers and nitroglycerin, which are commonly used to treat myocardial infarction.
◦ The physiologic stress of a large meal plus a myocardial infarction causes hyperglycemia.
◦ Insulin resistance is caused by pro-inflammatory factors.
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