Childbirth in Western society generally compares to childbirth in non-Western communities in which one of the following ways?
◦ Childbirth in Western society is more technological, medical, and time-governed, but it now reflects the same whole-family orientation that is common in non-Western societies.
◦ Childbirth in Western society is a more-medical, less-hurried process in which mothers receive better support following delivery. In non-Western societies, mothers often are expected to resume full household duties after giving birth without support from family or midwives.
◦ Childbirth in Western society now resembles birthing in non-Western societies in almost every respect, except for place of birth. Western infants are usually born in hospitals whereas non-Western infants are born at home.
◦ Childbirth in Western society is more male-dominated and is characterized by medical approaches and a concern for speed of delivery. In non-Western cultures, childbirth is a slower paced, non-medical, and female-oriented process.
Mutualisms, such as those that occur among plants and pollinators, generally involve large numbers o
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