Question 1
According to the text, all of the following were contradictions between liberalism and nationalism in the first half of the nineteenth century EXCEPT
a. liberalism focused on universal rights; nationalism on national rights.
b. liberalism was based on rationalism; nationalism on emotion.
c. liberalism strove for an objective view of history; nationalism made history subject to the perceived needs of a people.
d. liberalism disregarded the individual; nationalism valued each individual.
e. liberalism had a cosmopolitan quality; nationalism was focused on what distinguished people from each other.
Question 2
What were the Russian zemstvos?
a. Radical, populist societies that supported all revolutionary causes
b. Local assemblies with limited self-governing powers
c. Agreements between peasants and landlords concerning work rules
d. The emancipation proclamations that set groups of serfs free
e. Russia's two national parliaments, one in Moscow and the other in St. Petersburg
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