Which of the following is common to both gambling disorder and substance use disorders?
a. withdrawal symptoms
b. tolerance
c. craving
d. All of the above
Question 2
In a laboratory research study involving drug addiction in animals, it was demonstrated that the positive-reinforcing effect (i.e., pleasure) of drugs
a. is a uniquely human weakness
b. Primarily asocial and cultural phenomenon
c. Existed even withoutsocial and cultural influences.
d. biological, social, and cultural.