Question 1
What was one key factor that broke the bonds of feudal society and made possible the rise of sovereign states?
A. the division of basic powers of government
B. centralized royal power
C. the new alliance between king and town
D. monarchs' dependency on nobility
E. an increase in the noble cavalry
Question 2
The primary reason monarchs sought out new sources of income in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was due to the ________.
A. growing cost of warfare
B. growing cost of farming equipment
C. food and clothing needs of the peasants
D. need to build new public offices
E. continual increase in population
Question 3
Which of the following expresses a true viewpoint held by Machiavelli?
A. Roman rulers and citizens of ancient Rome did a poor job of defending their homeland.
B. Italian people had cause for the current internal feuding.
C. Ancient Roman patriotism and self-sacrifice were ineffective.
D. Republican ideals were outdated.
E. Italian political unity and independence were ends that justified any means.
Question 4
What did Pope Alexander VI hope to gain by securing a friendship with the French king?
A. control over regions in Italy
B. protection by the French military in times of war
C. his own piece of private land in France
D. a piece of land in France where his son Cesare Borgia could live
E. assistance in infiltrating the League of Venice
Negative feedback as a mechanism by which homeostatic control systems operate.
Alexander Bunge
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Negative feedback control of a regulated variable.