Answer to Question 1
Acute stress disorder is characterized by the development during or within 1 month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor of at least nine symptoms associated with intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal (these are largely the same symptoms as PTSD, described below, but last for 1 month or less). Similar to PTSD, the traumatic event is relived over and over, leading to attempts to avoid any reminders that arouse memories of it. Acute stress disorder emphasizes the more immediate, but short-term, dissociative reactions to trauma, whereas PTSD reflects the longer-lasting, ongoing pattern.
Answer to Question 2
Consider how the entertainment industry, including many aspects of the media and professional sports, earns billions of dollars in profits from exploiting our interests in violence in all of its forms. Equally disturbing is the portrayal of sex roles by society's envoys in the media and the entertainment industry: Females are stereotypically presented as relatively powerless and passive and men as vested with power; women are encouraged to defer to the benevolence of powerful men, and men are encouraged to challenge the autonomy of powerful and assertive women (Hedley, 2002). These cultural phenomena are ingrained through years of repeated imagery, and they are presumed to be the basis for the motivation of some men to maintain control and power in a relationship (Williams, 2003).
Man undergoing a stress test on a treadmill while physician monitors his condition
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