Compare and contrast two or three intellectual development ...

[javeds]

Compare and contrast two or three intellectual development disorders discussed in the text in terms of behavioral phenotypes and specific genotypes.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Which explanation for panic disorder would most likely be offered by a cognitive-behavioral theorist?
 
  a. A malfunction in the receptors monitoring oxygen in the blood causes the patient to feel that he or she is suffocating when, in fact, he or she isn't.
  b. Abnormalities of benzodiazepine receptors in the brain cause a person to feel mounting anxiety that leads to a panic attack..
  c. When ego defenses have weakened because of overuse, forbidden sexual impulses threaten to break into consciousness, causing an attack..
  d. When small changes in the body are misinterpreted as dreadful events, these beliefs start a positive-feedback loop that brings on an attack..

[stanleka1]

Answer to Question 1

 Down syndrome
o Genotype: extra 21st chromosome (also known as trisomy 21)
o Behavioral phenotypes: distinct facial features, heart problems, poor muscle tone; mild to severe cognitive and language delays; strengths include visual short-term memory, usually happy and easy-going (Prince Charming), few maladaptive behaviors; some externalizing and internalizing symptoms
 Williams syndrome
o Genotype: microdeletion on chromosome 7
o Behavioral phenotypes: deficits in cognitive functioning and spatial skills; strengths in language and music domains; strengths in empathy and reading facial and emotions in others; quite social which may lead to concerns about boundaries and possibility of victimization; numerous fears and anxieties
 Fragile X syndrome
o Genotype: mutation on the FMRI gene; more common in boys
o Behavioral phenotypes: fewer physical characteristics but can have large head circumferences, loose joints, and unusual facial features; several behavior difficulties including anxiety, poor attention, and low adaptability; difficulties relating to others; autistic-like behaviors

Answer to Question 2

D