Climate change and human activity like overgrazing of grasslands is leading to large areas subject to "desertification" where native grass cover dies out during drought periods, exposing soil to erosion. What is potentially the greatest initial soil erosion potential during this type of an event?
◦ growth of shrubs shading the ground, further killing the grasses
◦ local gullying produced by intermittent rain storms
◦ sand blown in from adjacent deserts
◦ loss of topsoil by wind erosion on a large scale