|
|
Certain chemicals, after ingestion, can be converted by the body into cyanide. Most of these chemicals have been removed from the market, but some old nail polish remover, solvents, and plastics manufacturing solutions can contain these substances.
Many of the drugs used by neuroscientists are derived from toxic plants and venomous animals (such as snakes, spiders, snails, and puffer fish).
Though methadone is often used to treat dependency on other opioids, the drug itself can be abused. Crushing or snorting methadone can achieve the opiate "rush" desired by addicts. Improper use such as these can lead to a dangerous dependency on methadone. This drug now accounts for nearly one-third of opioid-related deaths.
Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
Prostaglandins were first isolated from human semen in Sweden in the 1930s. They were so named because the researcher thought that they came from the prostate gland. In fact, prostaglandins exist and are synthesized in almost every cell of the body.
![The Dall sheep, Ovis dalli, a mountain sheep of far northern North America, was the subject of one o](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_22_09_11_9_35_55_18001324.jpeg)
![Jaundice. Photograph of an individual with liver disease, evidenced by the yellowing of the sclera o](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_22_58_96781691.jpeg)
![Although average brain size increases gradually though time in H. erectus, individuals with small br](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_275510_22_02_15_5_56_53_207641723.jpeg)