According to the text, Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is defined as
◦ the gap between what children and adolescents can accomplish alone and what they are capable of doing if guided by a more competent peer.
◦ the tendency to assume that accidents, diseases, and other misfortunes are more likely to happen to others than ourselves.
◦ the cognitive process that occurs when a scheme is changed to adapt new information or assimilate prior knowledge.
◦ an aspect of short-term memory that refers to where information may be influenced by heuristic thinking.