Classify each cost item of Ripon Printers given below into one of the business functions of the value chain, either (1) R&D, (2) design of products and processes, (3) production, (4) marketing (including sales), (5) distribution, or (6) customer service.
Item:
a. | cost of customer order forms |
b. | cost of paper used in manufacture of books |
c. | cost of paper used in packing cartons to ship books |
d. | cost of paper used in display at national trade show |
e. | depreciation of trucks used to transport books to college bookstores |
f. | cost of the wood used to manufacture paper |
g. | salary of the scientists attempting to find another source of printing ink |
h. | cost of designing the book size so that a standard-sized box is filled to capacity |