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When blood is exposed to air, it clots. Heparin allows the blood to come in direct contact with air without clotting.
The use of salicylates dates back 2,500 years to Hippocrates’s recommendation of willow bark (from which a salicylate is derived) as an aid to the pains of childbirth. However, overdosage of salicylates can harm body fluids, electrolytes, the CNS, the GI tract, the ears, the lungs, the blood, the liver, and the kidneys and cause coma or death.
According to the FDA, adverse drug events harmed or killed approximately 1,200,000 people in the United States in the year 2015.
More than 2,500 barbiturates have been synthesized. At the height of their popularity, about 50 were marketed for human use.
Long-term mental and physical effects from substance abuse include: paranoia, psychosis, immune deficiencies, and organ damage.