Answer to Question 1
There are two noteworthy differences between the definitions of gambling disorder that appeared in the previous version of the manual (DSM-IV) and the current manual. First, one diagnostic criterionillegal actswas dropped from the previous list. That feature stipulated that the person has committed illegal acts such as forgery, fraud, theft, or embezzlement to finance gambling. Research studies demonstrated that the illegal acts criterion was rarely endorsed, was only associated with the most severe cases, and was not useful in distinguishing between people who do and who do not seek treatment for gambling. Second, the threshold for a diagnosis was dropped from five features to four. Empirical data support the validity of this change.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: d.