|
|
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
Vaccines prevent between 2.5 and 4 million deaths every year.
Symptoms of kidney problems include a loss of appetite, back pain (which may be sudden and intense), chills, abdominal pain, fluid retention, nausea, the urge to urinate, vomiting, and fever.
The first monoclonal antibodies were made exclusively from mouse cells. Some are now fully human, which means they are likely to be safer and may be more effective than older monoclonal antibodies.
Bisphosphonates were first developed in the nineteenth century. They were first investigated for use in disorders of bone metabolism in the 1960s. They are now used clinically for the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease, bone metastasis, multiple myeloma, and other conditions that feature bone fragility.
![Hong Kong is a strange situation. A British colony since 1842, it was handed back to China in 1997 a](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_262797_12_08_15_1_46_34_221901097.png)
![The transition from college to first job can be a triggering situation for new growth in meaning ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/27/medium_660366_08_04_17_9_18_49_27548414.jpeg)
![After lowering the vehicle, be sure all arms of the lift are moved out of the way before driving the ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/29/medium_548020_25_05_17_2_59_27_29504925.png)