Answer to Question 1
Answer: The correlation coefficient is a number that always ranges between -1 and +1. Two factors are more strongly correlated when a correlation coefficient has a higher absolute value, regardless of whether the sign is positive or negative. Positive correlations (from 0.01 to 1) indicate that, as one factor goes up, the other factor also goes up.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Systems theory is an integrative approach to science, one that embraces not only the importance of multiple contributions to causality but also their interdependence. Systems theory has influenced many sciences; for example, it is basic to ecology, the study of the interdependence of living organisms in the natural world.
(A) Scratch test; patient is exposed to allergens through a light scratch on the skin; (B) Positive
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. The sleeping subject is receiving the benefits of
Number of positive, negative, and neutral images recalled by younger, middle-age, and older adults. ...
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test. Positive reaction.
Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Positive and Negative Punishment