Answer to Question 1
In a meta-analysis examining the relationship between atopic disorders and psychosocial factors, the investigators determined that the psychosocial factors of early stress exposure, psychological distress, and low social support were significantly related to the future onset of atopic disorders and their clinical course. They also found support for a bi-directional relationship in which the presence of an atopic disorder is significantly related to psychological distress and vice versa.
Answer to Question 2
Bruxism is defined as an involuntary habit of excessive teeth clenching or grinding that can lead to abrasive wear on the teeth, headaches, and/or temporo-mandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome (TMPDS). Both TMPDS and bruxism seem to be stress related. TMPDS is characterized by myofascial pain, particularly in the temporo-mandibular joint (the joint used to open and close our jaw) and the muscles involved in mastication (i.e., chewing). The TM joint may emit clicking or popping sounds during movement, and there may also be deviations in jaw movement. Ruth Moulton was the first to propose that the habit of teeth grinding along with TM joint problems may be a misguided attempt to reduce inner tension that inadvertently creates a vicious cycle of muscle spasm followed by pain and then, once again, spasm.
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