An ex-criminal, now on parole, returns to his life of crime because society treats him as a criminal. That is, as much as he wants to go straight, he is stigmatized by society as a criminal. This is an example of
A. a personality defect.
B. primary deviance.
C. secondary deviance.
D. social-learning theory.
Question 2
Hormonal levels can be affected by stress during pregnancy, and research has explored how this stress can influence the ____.
a. genetic component of sexual orientation
b. brain structure and function of homosexuals
c. sexual orientation of a fetus
d. brain structure and function of heterosexuals