Answer to Question 1Answer:
Answers should include the following points:
1) Cultural factors include the beliefs, norms, and expectations in a particular culture or society.
2) Cultures of honor have strong norms that indicate aggression is an appropriate response to insults to one's honor.
3) Norms accepting of aggressive behavior appear to have developed in areas where wealth was concentrated in assets that could easily be stolen.
4) Such norms still exist in many societies and sub-cultures today (e.g. Middle Eastern societies, the so-called Deep South region of the United States)
5) Cultural beliefs condoning or requiring aggressive responses to affronts to an individual's honor are particularly apparent when sexual jealousy is concerned.
6) Real or imagined infidelity occurs in every society. In cultures of honor, infidelity (or movements toward infidelity) are particularly damaging to the male's honor and require immediate responses.
7) In cultures of honor, efforts to restore damaged or lost honor are condoned to some extent. Therefore, crimes of passion (e.g., if a man kills his wife and/or her lover) are viewed as justified or as necessary actions.
Violence towards a wife or girlfriend who is threatening physical or emotional infidelity has been shown to be at least somewhat acceptable in cultures of honor.
Answer to Question 2Answer:
Answers should include the following points:
1) Type A behavior pattern consists of high levels of competitiveness, a sense of time urgency, and high levels of hostility.
2) Type B behavior pattern is the absence of Type A behaviors.
3) People who exhibit Type A behavior pattern tend to be more aggressive than Type Bs.
4) Type A personalities tend to engage in hostile aggression more than Type Bs.
5) Type A personalities are more likely to be involved with spouse or child abuse than are Type Bs.
6) Type A and Type B personalities are equally likely to engage in instrumental aggression.
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