Answer to Question 1
Answer: Stereotypes are mental shortcuts that allow us to infer the characteristics of an individual based solely on his/her group membership and the characteristics we associate with that group. Stereotyping saves us the mental effort involved in trying to ascertain, for each person, what his/her characteristics are.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Students need to define each and then describe how persons high on one or both of these are more likely to hold negative prejudices.