Answer to Question 1
Answer: You might remind students of injunctive norms (norms about socially sanctioned behaviors) against littering by placing trash cans in a number of locations, and perhaps by posting signs asking them to dispose of trash in the appropriate containers. You might make descriptive norms (norms that convey information about what people actually do) more salient by cleaning up areas while leaving one piece of trash near a trash can.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: The majority of men reported more distress related to the sexual infidelity, whereas about 80 of the women were more distressed over emotional attachment. Each pattern may have been adaptive for the respective genders. Men face paternal uncertainty (never really knowing if their partner's child is their own) and, in order not to invest in another man's children, must prevent her from copulating with another man. Even if the woman becomes emotionally attached to another man, as long as sex is not involved, he will know that her children are his children. Women rely on men for resources and protection for themselves and their offspring, and therefore are more concerned about losing these if their partner becomes emotionally attached to another woman. If the man simply copulates with another woman, and the resources are not threatened, then the sexual infidelity is of lesser concern.
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