Answer to Question 1
Answer: A confound is a variable that systematically changes along with the independent variable, potentially leading to a mistaken conclusion about the effect of the independent variable. Random assignment is the best way to help avoid confounds in experiments.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: An independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter. A dependent variable is the variable that is measured by the experimenter. The independent variable is considered the cause, and the dependent variable the effect.
Mendel's Monohybrid Experiments p2
CRISPR-Cas9 System for In Vivo Genome Editing Experiments
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Results of Mendel’s Experiments