Answer to Question 1
Answers should present a clear assessment of the stereotypical roles assumed by
men and women, and the influence these roles have on the developing child.
Answers should take into account how the three theoriespsychoanaly tic, learning,
and cognitiveexplain gender-role development. Students should give examples
and should be able to point out positive and negative aspects of the current gender
roles and provide some creative suggestions for improvement.
Answer to Question 2
There is an attraction to the opposite-sex parent and a rivalry with the same-sex
parent. Boys also experience pleasure when touching their penis, whereas girls may
experience penis envy. By the end of the phallic stage, identification (wanting to be
like) with the same-sex parent should occur.