Author Question: Define social referencing. How do babies use it to guide their actions and gather information about ... (Read 71 times)

arivle123

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 569
Define social referencing. How do babies use it to guide their actions and gather information about the emotions of others?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Between 12 and 18 months, toddlers first become capable of __________.
 
  A) intermodal perception
  B) an internal working model
  C) compliance
  D) goodness of fit



AngeliqueG

  • Sr. Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 343
Answer to Question 1

Answer: Beginning at 8 to 10 months, infants engage in social referencingactively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation. Many studies show that the caregivers emotional expression (happy, angry, or fearful) influences whether a 1-year-old will be wary of strangers, play with an unfamiliar toy, or cross the deep side of the visual cliff. The adults voiceeither alone or combined with a facial expressionis more effective than a facial expression alone. The voice conveys both emotional and verbal information, and the baby need not turn toward the adult but, instead, can focus on evaluating the novel event. As toddlers start to appreciate that others emotional reactions may differ from their own, social referencing allows them to compare their own and others assessments of events. In sum, in social referencing, toddlers use others emotional messages to evaluate the safety and security of their surroundings, to guide their own actions, and to gather information about others intentions and preferences. These experiences, along with cognitive and language development, probably help toddlers refine the meanings of emotionsfor example, happiness versus surprise, anger versus fearduring the second year.

Answer to Question 2

Answer: C



Related Topics

Need homework help now?

Ask unlimited questions for free

Ask a Question


 

Did you know?

There are 60,000 miles of blood vessels in every adult human.

Did you know?

In inpatient settings, adverse drug events account for an estimated one in three of all hospital adverse events. They affect approximately 2 million hospital stays every year, and prolong hospital stays by between one and five days.

Did you know?

Each year in the United States, there are approximately six million pregnancies. This means that at any one time, about 4% of women in the United States are pregnant.

Did you know?

Atropine, along with scopolamine and hyoscyamine, is found in the Datura stramonium plant, which gives hallucinogenic effects and is also known as locoweed.

Did you know?

There are approximately 3 million unintended pregnancies in the United States each year.

For a complete list of videos, visit our video library