Answer to Question 1
There may be a genetic tendency for activity level, according to some studies. But parents have a lot to do with it. Physically active parents are likely to have physically active children. Studies show that children of active mothers and fathers are several times more likely to be active than if their parents are inactive. This effect is likely to do with the fact that active parents serve as role models for activity and share activities with their children. For instance, parents who play tennis or soccer may involve their children in learning to play and be actively involved in these and other physical activities of their children.
Answer to Question 2
Many parts of the brain have specialized functions. This being the case, injuries to these specialized parts can result in loss of these functions. Fortunately, the brain also shows plasticity, which means the ability to compensate for injuries to particular areas. Neurological factors that enable plasticity include the growth of new dendrites and the redundancy of neural connections, so that if one site of functioning is damaged, another may be able to develop to form the functions. Plasticity is the greatest at about 1 to 2 years of age, and then gradually declines. Adults may lose functions when brain areas are damaged.
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