Author Question: Freud's theory implies that it is important for gender development that the child a. continue in ... (Read 89 times)

bobbysung · **on:** Jun 22, 2018

Freud's theory implies that it is important for gender development that the child

a. continue in the Oedipus/Electra complex beyond age six.
b. not experience a timing-of-puberty effect.
c. at age five, have a same-sex adult living at home.
d. practice to improve his or her own visual/spatial abilities.

Question 2

How can operant conditioning research on infants inform us about infant memory?

What will be an ideal response?

Ksh22 · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 22, 2018

Answer to Question 1

C

Answer to Question 2

Operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of one's behavior. Behaviors (operants) that are followed by favorable consequences tend to be repeated; those operants followed by unfavorable consequences are not. For learning to occur and transfer to another situation, the infant must remember that a behavior produced a consequence and the nature of that consequence (favorable or unfavorable). Carolyn Rovee-Collier and colleagues demonstrated this by tying a mobile to an infant's foot such that the infant could kick and make the mobile move. The infant enjoyed doing this. The operant was kicking, and the favorable consequences was the movement of the mobile. The baby should want to kick again the next time he/she sees the mobile if he/she is able to recall this learning experience.

The researchers then tested babies of various ages some time after this initial learning experience and found that two-month-old infants remembered the learning experience for up to three days, while three-month-old infants remembered it for up to a week. In addition, further variations on this method revealed that it wasn't that after those timepoints the infants had lost their learning but that they simply required more memory cues to be able to access what they had initially learned.