Answer to Question 1
d
Answer to Question 2
Both the phases of achieving ethnic identity and the phases of career development are progressive in that individuals pass through each phase before moving on to the next phase. The first phase of both processes is the beginning phase or the starting point for the individual to move through the other phases. In the first phase of achieving ethnic identity, individuals have not examined their ethnic roots. For individuals in this phase, ethnic identity is not yet an important personal issue. Similarly, individuals in Super's initial phase of career development have not yet begun their exploration of potential career prospects. In this phase called crystallization, adolescents use their emerging identity as a source of ideas about careers. In the second phase of ethnic identity, individuals begin to explore the personal impact of their ethnic heritage. In the second phase of career development a similar exploration takes place. During specification, adolescents further limit their career possibilities by learning more about specific lines of work and starting to obtain the training required for a specific job. In the third phase of ethnic identity, individuals achieve a distinct ethnic self-concept. In the third phase of career development called implementation, adolescents enter the workforce and learn first-hand about jobs. The third phase of each process reflects the culmination of the efforts that were achieved in the previous two phases.
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