____ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to ...

[meagbuch]

____ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal.
 
  a. Relational
 b. Instrumental
  c. Utilitarian
 d. Narrow

Question 2

Why might postconventional moral reasoning not appear until age 13 (if it does appear)?
 
  a. The child needs more experience with moral dilemmas before postconventional reasoning will appear.
  b. Postconventional morality requires the ability to engage in conservation.
  c. Postconventional morality requires the abilities of formal operational thinking.
  d. It is not until that age that morality is part of one's formal education.

[abro1885]

Answer to Question 1

b

Answer to Question 2

c