Answer to Question 1
Renaissance means rebirth and brought about a revival of classical ideals and interest in Greek and Roman culture, in addition to the position of the artist in society, and identities and influences of patrons. Renaissance men and women referred to themselves as humanists, and emphasis was placed on the value of the human being, resulting in education on not only teachings of the church but also the study of the liberal arts, as the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. Martin Luther, and others, objecting to doctrines and practices of the Catholic Church, originated the Protestant Reformation and drew large numbers away from the Catholic Church. The concerns of the reformers affected art and the context of subject matter. Eventually, the Reformation initiated a response from the Catholic Church, and it struck back with the Counter-Reformation.
Answer to Question 2
C
Giorgione departed from traditional compositional methods by constructing the landscape first and then placing the figures in it, an approach that paved the way for future significant landscape paintings.
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