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Urine turns bright yellow if larger than normal amounts of certain substances are consumed; one of these substances is asparagus.
Drug-induced pharmacodynamic effects manifested in older adults include drug-induced renal toxicity, which can be a major factor when these adults are experiencing other kidney problems.
The average adult has about 21 square feet of skin.
It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
Vampire bats have a natural anticoagulant in their saliva that permits continuous bleeding after they painlessly open a wound with their incisors. This capillary blood does not cause any significant blood loss to their victims.
![Species currently endangered in Canada include (a) the Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia; (b) Taylor](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_22_09_11_9_40_13_18261512.jpeg)
![The conduction system of the heart; traces the path of the electrical impulse that stimulates the he](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_10_09_12_7_22_09_85202259.jpeg)