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The human body's pharmacokinetics are quite varied. Our hair holds onto drugs longer than our urine, blood, or saliva. For example, alcohol can be detected in the hair for up to 90 days after it was consumed. The same is true for marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, heroin, methamphetamine, and nicotine.
The FDA recognizes 118 routes of administration.
As of mid-2016, 18.2 million people were receiving advanced retroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. This represents between 43–50% of the 34–39.8 million people living with HIV.
Side effects from substance abuse include nausea, dehydration, reduced productivitiy, and dependence. Though these effects usually worsen over time, the constant need for the substance often overcomes rational thinking.
Throughout history, plants containing cardiac steroids have been used as heart drugs and as poisons (e.g., in arrows used in combat), emetics, and diuretics.
![Mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots: (a) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus stained so](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_17_02_12_5_40_33_1986319.jpeg)
![Mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots: (a) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus stained so](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_17_02_12_5_40_33_19871612.jpeg)